![]() for first-degree relatives of patients with colon cancer: screening should start at age 40.polyps 50 years of age: an annual fecal occult blood test (often a fecal immunochemical test (FIT)) and sigmoidoscopy/ barium enema every 3 to 5 years.Radiographic features Fluoroscopy Barium enema primary colorectal small cell carcinoma: extremely rareĬolorectal cancers can be found anywhere from the cecum to the rectum, in the following distribution 2,5:Īpproximately 10% of colorectal cancers have a BRAF mutation, which is more common in females, right colon colorectal cancer, advanced stage at diagnosis, and a mucinous histology 7.Metastases may be widespread in advanced disease, although the liver is by far the most common site involved. These are typically scirrhous adenocarcinomas (signet-ring type). Rarely the malignant cells will widely invade the submucosa, analogous to linitis plastic a of the stomach. left-sided tumors present earlier with altered bowel habitĬolorectal cancers, 98% of which are adenocarcinomas, arise in the vast majority of cases from pre-existing colonic adenomas ( neoplastic polyps), which progressively undergo a malignant transformation as they accumulate additional mutations 2 (so-called multi-hit hypothesis).right-sided tumors are larger and present with a mass, distant disease or iron deficiency anemia.bacteremia or bacterial endocarditis with Streptococcus bovis ( Streptococcus gallolyticus) 6.respiratory symptoms from lung metastases) However initial manifestation may be acute: iron-deficiency anemia (chronic occult blood loss).altered bowel habit (constipation and/or diarrhea).hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome (HNPCC)Ĭlinical presentation is typically insidious:.familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome (FAP).Recognized hereditary syndromes are seen in 6% of colorectal cancers. a family history of benign/malignant colorectal tumors.Crohn disease (particularly in bypassed loops/in vicinity of chronic fistula).low fiber and high fat and animal protein diet.Risk factorsĪ number of predisposing factors have been identified, including: There is also a slight male predilection for rectal cancers, not found in tumors elsewhere in the colon. Colorectal cancer is common, accounting for 15% of all newly diagnosed cancers, and tends to be a disease of the elderly, with the median age of diagnosis between 60 and 80 years of age 2, slightly younger for rectal cancer.
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